1. 打开官网下载Java安装文件
 

jdk-7u15-linux-x64.tar.gz

2.打开终端，根据个人习惯建立目录

sudo mkdir /usr/local/development

3.将下载的文件移动到这个文件夹下面并进行解压。使用如下命令：

sudo mv jdk-7u15-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/development
 

sudo tar -zxvf jdk-7u15-linux-x64.tar.gz

4.修改环境变量

sudo gedit /etc/environment
源文件的内容是这样的：

PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games"
修改为：

PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:${JAVA_HOME}/bin"
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/development/jdk1.7.0_15
JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
 

CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib"

5.重新加载bashrc

source ~/.bashrc

6.配置默认JDK

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/local/development/jdk1.7.0_15/bin/java 300

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/local/development/jdk1.7.0_15/bin/javac 300
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javap javap /usr/local/development/jdk1.7.0_15/bin/javap 300
 

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javadoc javadoc /usr/local/development/jdk1.7.0_15/bin/javadoc 300

7.测试：

java -version
如下显示表示配置成功：
arlen@Arlen-TOP2:~$ java -version
java version "1.7.0_15"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_15-b03)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.7-b01, mixed mode)
arlen@Arlen-TOP2:~$